Culture & Traditions

Indigenous Heritage: The Heart of Australia

Prior to the European settlement of Australia, Australian Aborigines were among the oldest and most sustainable cultures on Earth. It is believed that they arrived by boat from Southeast Asia during the last Ice Age, some 65,000 years ago. Comprising 300 clans, 250 languages and 700 dialects, up to one million Aborigines lived in Australia before explorers colonized their lands.

“A lot of people don’t know that Australia has the world’s oldest living culture: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have lived on the continent for over 65,000 years.”—Alice Teramoto, Destination Specialist

As a result of colonization, Australia’s first peoples experienced a precipitous decline in their numbers and a suppression of their way of life, but their culture has not only survived but thrived in recent years. Today, the viewpoints of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are commonly integrated into political and social life, while Aboriginal culture is widely recognized as an integral part of the modern Australian identity. 

No visit to Australia—especially to such sacred sites as Uluru—would be complete without experiencing some aspect of Indigenous culture.

Modern, Multicultural Australia

In a 1967 referendum, Australians voted affirmatively to include Aboriginal peoples in their Constitution. The postwar years also saw a wave of migration to Australia from Europe, the Middle East and Asia, changing the cultural and linguistic makeup of the country’s cities and towns. 

Today, Australia is one of the most vibrant democracies in the world, its political landscape a dynamic mix of both progressive and traditional forces. It is also one of the most globally minded of nations, having hosted several Olympics (the upcoming 2032 Summer Games will also be held in Brisbane) as well as some of the largest LGBTQ+ Pride parades in the world.

Social Etiquette & Local Customs

Australians are typically laid-back, friendly and relaxed, appreciating fairness, equality and mutual respect, regardless of social standing. 

They also tend to be less physically affectionate with people they don’t know well, so handshakes and hugs aren’t always expected.

On the whole, Australians love coming together for informal get-togethers (such as barbies or drinks with friends at the pub) or to explore nature together. 

Sporting events also set the stage for gathering and good-natured rivalry. For a real glimpse of Australia, take in a local rugby or Australian Football League (AFL) match at the famous MCG in Melbourne. Major sports gatherings such as the Australian Open, the Melbourne Cup and the Formula 1 Grand Prix should also be experienced.

Celebrations, Festivals & National Traditions

Traditionally a Christian country, Australia is today a diverse, multicultural nation home to more than 120 different faiths. That means that countless celebrations and traditions—both secular and religious—are celebrated throughout Australia.

Christmas in the country is warm and sunny instead of cold and snowy, so be prepared to enjoy freshly grilled prawns, lamb, steaks, and veggies if you visit in December instead of turkey and stuffing.

“One event that every traveler to Australia should experience,” says Destination Specialist Alice Teramoto, “is ANZAC Day. It is a poignant day, and whether you mark it by watching the ANZAC footy games, or taking part in a game of Two Up, always remember the reason behind it - remembering the Australian and New Zealand landing at Gallipoli in 1915”

The Arts, From Opera to Street Art

The arts play a crucial role in Australian culture, which boasts thriving music, theatre and visual arts scenes. 

The iconic Sydney Opera House, which attracts operatic and other talents from around the world, is a must-see on any Australia vacation or cruise, as are the many vibrant murals that line central Melbourne’s labyrinthine alleyways. 

Many Australian actors, musicians and artists have achieved international recognition, attesting to the strength of Australia’s creative industries. Notable talents such as Nicole Kidman, Cate Blanchett and Hugh Jackman continue to make movies and appear in plays in Australia.

Best of all, the country’s cultural riches can be enjoyed throughout Australia, from the cosmopolitan venues of multicultural Sydney and Melbourne to the Western Australian Museum in Perth to the edgy Museum of New Art (MONA) in Tasmania. 

“Tasmania is under the radar for many travelers, but it’s great for hikes, natural landscapes and now modern art!”—Alice Teramoto, Destination Specialist

Talking With (and Like) Australians

Despite not holding official status, English is the universal language in Australia, meaning that English-speaking visitors will have no trouble communicating during their Australia vacations.

Having said that, the country is known for its rich and varied slang. For example, knowing the difference between “yeah, nah” (no) and “nah, yeah” (yes) will make navigating casual conversations easier. 

Referring to new acquaintances on your Australia trip as “mates” is also a friendly way to build trust and rapport.

“One thing to note when asking for directions in Australia is that Australians tend to not use “north,” “south,” “east” or “west.” Rather, they’ll tell you to simply go “right” or “left” to get to a destination.”—Alice Teramoto, Destination Specialist

Planning Your Tailor-Made Cultural Adventure

Whether you’re looking to experience Uluru through an Indigenous lens, tour the National Gallery of Australia with your own personal docent or take a backstage look at the Sydney Opera House, Goway has you covered. Book your tailor-made Australia culture trip with one of our Destination Specialists today.

FAQs

What are some key Australian social customs I should know about?

Australians are highly sociable people, coming together for celebrations centred around art, sport, food and drink, or to explore nature together via hikes, runs and swims. In many parts of the country, a strong sense of community predominates, cemented by frequent casual get-togethers like barbecues or visits to the pub with friends. If you’re invited to someone’s home for a get-together, it’s thoughtful to bring a small gift, such as wine or chocolates, or to contribute some drinks, snacks or desserts to the gathering. And don’t forget to enthusiastically join in the toast before taking your first sip when sharing a round of drinks!

What should I know about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures?

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have lived on the continent for more than 65,000 years, making theirs one of the oldest existing cultures in the world. Their philosophies and traditions, including art, storytelling and a connection to the land, continue to influence the broader Australian identity, both culturally and politically. Their distinctive dot paintings and dreamtime stories are renowned worldwide for their unique and evocative qualities.

How can I respectfully engage with Aboriginal sites and experiences?

Since understanding Australia’s Indigenous heritage is key to understanding the country in full, the culture of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples is a highlight of many of Goway’s vacation packages. At Uluru, for example, visitors gain a greater appreciation for the sacred natural site when they experience it through the lens of an Indigenous guide. The Daintree Rainforest, meanwhile, is as lush as Uluru is arid, but Aboriginal experts in both destinations can also provide a firsthand sensory experience of what it’s like to live there through everything from eye-opening nature walks to bush tucker tastings. For more on experiencing Aboriginal Australia in depth, consult one of our Destination Specialists today.

Are there any unique aspects of city life in Australia?

Australian city life is unique among urban dwellers, due to a combination of factors including a strong beach culture, vibrant cultural scenes, a high quality of life and a laid-back attitude. Cities such as Sydney and Melbourne are known for their iconic landmarks, diverse entertainment options and thriving arts and culinary scenes. Furthermore, Australia’s coastal cities offer easy access to beaches for swimming, surfing and other water activities, which are deeply ingrained in the urban lifestyle.

Are there any local phrases or slang I should know to fit in?

In addition to saying “g’day” with frequency, Australians love to utter “yeah” or “nah” before continuing a train of thought, which can get a little confusing if you’re trying to work out whether someone’s saying yes or no. In short, “yeah, nah” means no and “nah, yeah” means yes. When engaged in conversation (“having a yarn”) with Aussies, do feel free to address new acquaintances as “mates,” which is a friendly way of building trust and camaraderie. Do not, however, refer to anyone as a “bogan,” which is slang for an uncultured or unsophisticated person. 

Are there any local food customs or table manners I should know?

Australian dining and drinking etiquette is generally relaxed and informal, but some customs are important to observe. Punctuality is valued, and it's polite to wait until everyone is seated and served before beginning to eat. Conversation is also encouraged, but controversial topics should be avoided until introduced by the host or another guest. In a restaurant or bar, it's common for bills to be split or for each person to pay their share, but it's also acceptable for the host to pay.

How do Australians celebrate public holidays and festivals?

Australians celebrate public holidays and special occasions with a mix of traditional activities and modern festivities, often centred around community gatherings, outdoor events and cultural performances. Many holidays, like Australia Day and Christmas, involve barbecues, fireworks and parades, while other celebrations such as Easter include church services, reflection and family time. Most banks, government offices and businesses are closed on major holidays